Abstract:
Integrating forage legumes with maize has the potential to restore soil fertility and increase grain
yield among smallholder farming systems. A study was conducted over two cropping seasons to
determine the effect of intercropping maize with forage legumes on soil fertility restoration, weed
biomass and maize yield. Treatments involved: four cropping systems (sole maize, maize-velvet
bean, maize-silverleaf, maize-cowpeas) and four fertiliser regimes (no fertiliser, 150 kg ha−1 of
compound D fertiliser (7% N: 14% P2O5: 7% K2O) + 150 kg ha−1 ammonium nitrate (34.5% N),
100 kg ha−1 single super phosphate (SSP, 17.5% P2O5) and 200 kg ha−1 SSP). Maize-velvet bean
intercropping reduced weed biomass by 80% relative to sole maize and maize-silverleaf
intercropping. Maize-cowpea and maize-velvet bean intercropping reduced maize grain yield by
25.9% and 64.7%, respectively, compared to sole maize and maize-silverleaf intercropping. In
2017/2018, maize-silverleaf intercropping increased resin-extractable P2O5 by 60.1% compared
to other cropping systems while the three fertiliser treatments increased the levels of this
nutrient by 41.9–100%. The results of this study show that intercropping maize with silverleaf
has the potential to restore soil fertility and control weeds, without reducing maize grain yield
