An exploration of perceptions and trust: analyzing the factors influencing relationships between local communities and wildlife conservation-based developments in the Save Valley Conservancy, Southeast Zimbabwe

Abstract

Introduction: The Save Valley Conservancy in Southeast Zimbabwe is a critical wildlife conservation area, yet its success is challenged by strained relationships between local communities and conservation-based developments. This study investigates the perceptions and trust dynamics shaping these relationships. Methods: A mixed methods approach combined participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and a systematic literature review. Data were gathered from 200 participants, including community members, tourism operators, conservation experts, government officials, and youth leaders. Fieldwork involved three weeks of community meetings, conservation planning sessions, and tourism activities. The literature review encompassed 60 peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, and grey literature to contextualize findings. Results: Findings indicate that trust, transparency, accountability, and benefit sharing are central to shaping relationships between communities and conservation initiatives. Survey data revealed that 80% of participants felt disconnected from conservation efforts, while 75% expressed concerns about limited economic benefits. Trust levels varied across stakeholders, with local communities reporting the lowest levels and youth leaders the highest. These disparities highlight the need for inclusive, culturally sensitive, and benefit-oriented conservation strategies. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the importance of community-centred approaches to wildlife conservation that align ecological goals with local livelihoods. By situating conservation within cultural and social contexts, the research contributes to policy and practice debates in Zimbabwe and similar regions. The findings underscore the need for inclusive governance frameworks and sustainable benefit-sharing mechanisms, offering pathways for strengthening long-term trust and collaboration in conservation.