Abstract:
Nile crocodile survival is threatened by water pollution, habitat loss, extensive water abstraction
for irrigation, domestic use and industrial development and overexploitation of fisheries resources
in water systems in Zimbabwe. This review assessed the abundance, distribution and
population trends of Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus Laurent, 1768), and explored the effects
of ranching, trophy hunting and human-crocodile conflicts (HCC) on its conservation status in
water systems of Zimbabwe. Scoping reviews of available literature and analysis of recurrent
themes indicated that crocodile censuses were concentrated in the warmer northern and southern
parts of the country. Ranching and trophy hunting have contributed to the increases in crocodile
populations. Human encroachment and wetland degradation have increased HCC in fringe
communities proximate to protected areas consequently inducing negative perceptions and hurtrage
which threatens crocodile populations. Overall, there is an increase in crocodile populations
in sampled areas. Nonetheless, there is a need to assess the abundance, distribution and population
trends, and delineate hotspots of suitable habitats and contextual challenges in less
sampled areas before stating the national crocodile population estimate. Implementing astute
crocodile conservation efforts involving locals is key in HCC mitigation. However, it implores the
need for development of pro human-crocodile co-existence and circumstantial HCC resolution
policies. For posterity, the conservation status of crocodiles in Zimbabwe should be ascribed as
Vulnerable or Near Threatened rather than the current Least Concern or Low Risk status.
