Abstract:
The review provides a thorough assessment of current developments in biomass pyrolysis research,
including both basic research and technological applications. Recent advances in pyrolysis-charac terization methods, particularly on the online characterization of biomass pyrolytic intermediates
and spectroscopic and microscopic imaging methods for biochar and bio-oil are discussed. Then,
relevant optimization and regulation approaches for the biomass pyrolysis process are discussed in
light of the demands made to enhance the physicochemical features of the relevant pyrolysis
products. Previous studies have shown that co-pyrolyzing biomass with another feedstock can
improve the physicochemical characteristics of the pyrolysis products and efficiently realize waste
recycling. As a result, this study includes a thorough assessment of current developments in bio mass co-pyrolysis using four different feedstocks (coal, plastics, tyres, and sludge). Recent activities
of catalytic biomass pyrolysis, or catalytic co-pyrolysis, are also described as an essential part of
general biomass pyrolysis. Reactor design aspects and economic evaluation of pyrolysis technolo gies have been reviewed. Additionally, two cutting-edge heating techniques (microwave heating
and solar heating) for biomass pyrolysis are discussed, and their advantages and disadvantages are
contrasted with those of the traditional heating approach. This review is concluded with some pre dictions for the development of biomass pyrolysis in the future.
